Famous Scientists Who Changed the World

Famous Scientists Who Changed the World

Written by: Sitara Nair

Marie Curie

Marie Curie was a Polish-born physicist who dedicated her life to science, mainly on radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize twice, which is widely regarded as the most prestigious award for intellectual achievement in the world. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win in two different scientific fields: Physics (1903, for her work on radioactivity, with her husband Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel) and Chemistry (1911, for discovering the elements polonium and radium). From an early age, she was celebrated for her incredible memory, winning many awards in her schooling. Later in life, alongside her husband, Pierre Curi, whom she met in 1894, she made significant discoveries about radiation, which led to advancements in medicine (X-rays and cancer treatment). Despite facing discrimination as a woman in science, she left a lasting impact. Today, she is remembered as one of history’s most outstanding scientists and an inspiration for women in STEM.

Thomas Edison

Louis Bachrach, Bachrach Studios, restored by Michel Vuijlsteke

Thomas Alva Edison was an American-born inventor widely regarded for his significant scientific discoveries. Edison worked many jobs as a child, from passing out newspapers at thirteen to working as a telegrapher at sixteen. Between the ages of 13 and 16, Edison loved reading. He read many scientific and technical articles and taught himself how to operate a telegraph (a device to transmit and receive messages over long distances), securing that job. Later in life, Thomas still took an interest in science, working on improving the telegraph and switching to a more inventive job. As he learned and developed, Edison took on the great challenge of electrical light. At the time, the idea itself wasn’t new, just impractical. Edison was determined to find a practical way to use electrical light in homes, and he did it. Edison invented the lightbulb, and the success of this discovery was not undermined. His work brought him fame and wealth, and as he worked more with electricity, he started building new companies until they were all brought together to form Edison General Electric. Unfortunately, after many more discoveries and scientific feats, Edison passed away at 88 due to illnesses. Thomas Edison’s inventions changed the world, showing that hard work and never giving up can lead to great success.

Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla was born on July 9/10, 1856 (his specific birth details weren’t kept on record), in Croatia. He was a renowned engineer and futurist known for his dedication to understanding and using the production and distribution of alternating-current electric power. He studied engineering in Austria and Bohemia during his early years before moving to Paris to work. In 1894, he made the big move to the US, working for Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse. Though he enjoyed his work with them, he loved working independently and ultimately favored it. During his independent studies, he created a special kind of electricity system called alternating current or AC (not the AC that keeps you warm, though, a different kind!), making sending power over long distances possible. One of his famous inventions, the Tesla coil, is still used in radios today. His electrical work was renowned, and in 1893, his electrical system was used to light up the World’s Fair, an event that amazed people with new technology. He also built a power station at Niagara Falls that sent electricity to Buffalo, New York, making it one of the first cities to be powered this way. Although he is regarded as one of the world’s geniuses, many of his ideas stayed in his notebooks because he didn’t have enough money to build them. Today, scientists and inventors still study his work to learn from his incredible ideas!

References

“Edison Biography - Thomas Edison National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service),” n.d. https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/historyculture/edison-biography.htm.

Hunt, and Inez Whitaker. “Nikola Tesla | Biography, Facts, & Inventions.” Encyclopedia Britannica, February 14, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikola-Tesla.

“Nikola Tesla Summary | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Nikola-Tesla.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Marie Curie | Biography, Nobel Prize, Accomplishments, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, February 10, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie.